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Often known as cryptomarkets, DNMs are multi-vendor online illicit global commerce platforms that primarily specialize within the sale of illicit medicine. An established form of transnational organized crime, DNMs mix anonymisation networks and cryptocurrencies with encryption applied sciences. They are distinct from independent single-vendor shops that additionally sell illicit medicine, and from different forms of fraud stores.

The vacuum left by Hydra's takedown resulted in a veritable "Cambrian explosion" in DNMs, with not less than a dozen illicit projects having surfaced in its place to satisfy person demand. Serving countries of the previous Soviet Union, these new Russian-language DNMs have achieved near-dominance of the overall DNM ecosystem, representing over 80% of all deposits made to darknet marketplaces in 2022.

Despite Hydra’s traditionally giant volumes - the market acquired greater than $four hundred million between January 2022 and its demise in April (detailed right here) - the brand new era of DNMs has caught up shortly. Following Hydra's seizure, the twelve new Russian-language marketplaces amassed approximately 24% extra quantity in a period of 5 months than Hydra did in the primary five months of the 12 months when it was nonetheless stay.

And although there are a minimum of 70 energetic DNMs globally as of November 2022, approximately 80% of market share is break up between simply four players. Notably, all form part of the brand new wave of Russian-language DNMs. By contrast, the biggest western bitcoin DNM at present in existence - ASAP Market - accounts for lower than 10% of world DNM market share.

The particularities of DNMs operating in the former Soviet Union means there is little interplay between them and western/global darknet marketplaces. Each has totally different goal audiences, distributors, modus operandi, and traits.

Four Key Differences Between Russian-language and Western DNMs:

1) Russian-language DNM vendors favour the dead-drop supply model dubbed klad/клад (Russian for "treasure"), as opposed to the international mail delivery model adopted by western DNMs. This restricts the previous to the geographic areas lined by the distributors and couriers. These can serve areas starting from local neighborhoods to entire cities and areas, however most importantly, the vendors’ reach shouldn't be international.

2) DNMs working in former Soviet international locations typically employ fewer on-chain operational safety measures. Address re-use is rife, as DNM actors on this house appear to function with more impunity and less concern for law enforcement motion than their western counterparts.

3) Most Russian-language DNMs solely assist Bitcoin, with no privateness coin choices accessible. This also seems to reflect their lower perceived risk of being taken down by the authorities. By contrast, western DNMs provide Monero alongside Bitcoin or are Monero-solely.

4) Russian-language DNMs seek to establish monopolies, something most western DNMs largely keep away from because of the ensuing strain, attention, and danger of regulation enforcement motion that such dominance might convey.

Three Future Trends to look at:

1. The Russian-language DNM space is getting ready for the inauguration of the broadly-anticipated Kraken Market, touted by the neighborhood as Hydra Market’s successor. Several marketplaces working in the previous Soviet Union could disappear as vendors and buyers set up themselves on this new DNM, leading to a better centralization of marketplaces on this region.

2. The extensively-mooted DNM decentralization is unlikely to materialize over the brief time period. The familiar cycle of DNM launch and development adopted by exit scams, law enforcement motion, or voluntary withdrawal is more likely to continue in 2023.

3. Western DNMs will continue to innovate and spearhead blockchain operational safety, including the likelihood to forgo Bitcoin and other public ledger blockchains altogether. For instance, AlphaBay Market’s second iteration - which claims to be the world’s largest DNM - is a Monero-solely marketplace.

About TRM Labs

TRM provides blockchain intelligence to help financial institutions, cryptocurrency businesses, and public companies detect, examine, and handle cryptocurrency-associated fraud and monetary crime. TRM's risk management platform consists of options for transaction monitoring and wallet screening, entity threat scoring - together with VASP due diligence - and supply and destination of funds tracing. These tools enable a quickly growing cohort of organizations around the globe to safely embrace cryptocurrency-associated transactions, merchandise, and partnerships.

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